Scientists from the U.K. and Sweden have discovered a new method of creating human stem cells that could solve the problem of meeting large-scale production needs, allowing researchers to fully realize the potential of stem cells for understanding and treating disease.
Understanding Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Human pluripotent stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the unique potential to develop into all the different types of cells in the body. With applications in disease modeling, drug screening, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering, there is already an enormous demand for these cells. This demand will continue to grow as their use in clinical settings and the pharmaceutical industry increases.
Challenges in Stem Cell Production
However, production of stem cells at the scale required for optimal application in modern research and healthcare has not been feasible because available culture methods are either too expensive or reliant on substances that would not be safe for clinical use in humans.
New Stem Cell Culture Method
The research results, published in Nature Communications in July, describe how the scientific team from The University of Nottingham’s Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling at Uppsala University in Sweden and GE Healthcare in Sweden have identified and improved human stem cell culture methods. These improvements could lead to quicker and cheaper large-scale industrial production of human pluripotent stem cells.
Using Inter-Alpha Inhibitor Protein
By using a protein derived from human blood called Inter-alpha inhibitor, the team has grown human pluripotent stem cells in a minimal medium without the need for costly and time-consuming biological substrates. Inter-alpha inhibitor is found in human blood at high concentrations and is currently a by-product of standard drug purification schemes.
Advantages of the New Method
The human serum-derived protein can make stem cells attach to unmodified tissue culture plastic, eliminating the need for coating in defined human pluripotent stem cell culture and improving the survival capabilities of the stem cells in harsh conditions. It is the first stem cell culture method that does not require a pre-treated biological substrate for attachment, making it more cost and time-efficient. This paves the way for easier and cheaper large-scale production.
Potential Impact on Research and Healthcare
Existing methods are time-consuming and make developing human stem cell cultures prohibitively costly. This new method has the potential to save time and money in large-scale and high-throughput cultures, being highly valuable for both basic research and commercial applications.
Future Directions
Researchers now intend to combine Inter-alpha inhibitor protein with an innovative hydrogel technology to improve current methods for controlling cell differentiation and apply it to disease modeling. The discovery will help facilitate research into many diseases, although the focus is currently on understanding rare conditions like Multiple Osteochondroma at the cellular level. The aim is to replicate the 3-dimensional environment that cells experience within the body so that lab-bench biology is more accurate in modeling diseases.
Continuing Research and Collaboration
Pijuan-Galitó has been awarded the Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship at Nottingham University for her work on the research. This will enable her to combine Inter-alpha inhibitor with improved synthetic polymers in collaboration with fellow regenerative medicine pioneers Professor Morgan Alexander and Professor Chris Denning. The team plans to further improve on current human stem cell culture by designing an economical and safe method that can be easily translated to large-scale production, delivering billions of stem cells necessary to move cellular therapeutics forward in patient settings.
Publication Details
The study, titled “Human serum-derived protein removes the need for coating in defined human pluripotent stem cell culture,” was published in Nature Communications in July 2016.
